INTRODUCTION:

The National Institute for the empowerment of person with Intelligent Disability (formerly National Intellectual Disability Institute) was founded in Secunderabad, Manovikasnagar in 1984, and is an autonomous body under administrative control of the Ministry of Empowerment of Disabled people, Ministry for Social Justice and Empowerment, government of the India. NIEPID (National Institute of Mentally Handicaped Formally) is committed to the delivery of quality services in the national interest to individuals with ID (Divyangjan). NIEPID has three NIEPID Regional Education Centers, which are situated in the Noida, New Delhi, Kolkata, and Mumbai. The institute is working to achieve excellence in building capacity for intellectual disabled individuals (Divyangjan).

The major role and responsibility of this NIEPID is listed as follow as,

1. Human Resources Development

2. Research and Development

3. Development of models of care and rehabilitation.

4. Documentation and dissemination.

5. Consultancy services to voluntary organizations

6. Community Based Rehabilitation

7. Extension and Outreach programmes

The Institute has created and implemented groundbreaking standardized training courses at the Master level to produce optimal outcomes, including rehabilitation psychology, early intervention, special education and disability rehabilitation. The courses are offered progressively from certificate in diploma, under graduate course is B.Ed Special education, PG is M.Ed Special Education (Mental Disabiliy) and MPhil (Rehabilitation Psychology). Presently this organization providing three diploma courses such as Diploma in Special Education (DSE), Diploma in Vocational Rehabilitation (DVR), Diploma in Early Childhood Special Education.

The institute 's research policy is to update the research matrix continuously which essentially covers

(a) The life cycle needs of intellectually disabled people (Divyangjan)

(b) The holistic evolution of the intellectual disabled (Divyangjan) including clinical intervention needs, supporting communities, supporting services, and building capacity needs, and

The reporting and distribution are the Institute's essential activities, including

(a) Books, journals and articles shall be procured.

(b) Publishing NIEPID's bimonthly Mentard Newsletter quarterly.

In collaboration with leading charitable organisations, parent groups, the Institute organises international and national conferences, seminars, workshops on individuals with intellectual disabilities (Divyangjan). Unique workers general assembly at NIEPID, National conference of parent organisations and national level workshops. The services must be given at the grass root level themselves in order to rehabilitate the people who are impaired by intellectual property (Divyangjan). The services to be given at these centres include identification, screening, appraisal, service provision, training to local staff and the provision of training materials for people in need.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

Mubashir Gul (2015), the diagnosis of the child's mental disorder will lead to a range of emotional responses through parents and siblings. He has clearly explained The child's parental marginalisation is a very stressful activity because they experience a lot of tension, frustration and hopelessness. In order to avoid and monitor disabilities of the parents immediately, the study needs to define early detection measures and preventive strategies¹.

Muhammad Iqbal¹, Muhammad A. Baig², Munir A. Bhinder³, Muhammad Y. Zahoor⁴(2016) have stated that Mental delay is a heterogeneous group with a significant cognitive impairment and a development characterized by a deficiency in the brain structure or function. IQ is less than 70 people with mental retardation. The global prevalence of MR is 1-3 per cent. MR is concerned with various factors, including environmental, genetic, poverty, alcohol consumption during pregnancy, drugs and unemployment. MR can also lead to congenital brain dysfunction and brain injury. MR syndrome, Down syndrome and metabolic disorders such as PKU (Phenylketonuria) are one of the main causes of MR delivery².

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:

1. To understand the function of roles and responsibility of NIEPID in India

2. To explore the significance principles of roles and responsibility of NIEPID in India.

METHODOLOGY:

It is descriptive in nature. The data are collected from the existing journal, selective e-journal, official websites and so on. Hence it is secondary data source in nature.

FUNCTIONS OF NIEPID –REGIONAL CENTER:

NIEPID RC initiated in 1986 in New Delhi, Kolkata, Navi Mumbai, Noida, Gangtok, Nellore the main goal of providing the best training services for people with mental retardation. They have two main long-term courses with a length of two years, such as B.Ed and M.Ed and remaining are followed as

1. B.Ed /M.Ed Special Education (mental Disability)

2. Diploma in Education (Special Education)

3. One year Diploma in Vocational Rehabilitation (MR)

4. Diploma in Early Childhood Special Education

5. Diploma in Early Childhood Intervention

It also offers short-term and long-Term care to mentally retarded professionals every year. In addition, the facility allows for the facilitation of mental retardation of individuals. The centre runs awareness camps and training camps as part of their expansion and development feature. The Center offers clinical assistance to local NGOs in the field of mental retardation. In 1990, the Center set up "ANKUR," an early childhood facility for children under 5 years of age. RC, New Delhi also provides students from a number of technical colleges with support for their internship.

The following are the ways in which the above-mentioned department fulfill the roles and responsibility of NIEPID.

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT:

This department conduct the Diploma in Vocational Rehabilitation (Mental Delay) with a duration of one year. The goal of this course is to build a workforce appropriate for the provision of vocational rehabilitation services for individuals with intellectual disabilities. The Department also provides funding to the long-term projects of the institute as and when allocated. The Department also carries out numerous short-term training programmes for people working in the field of disability recovery in the fields of skills development and vocational training. The Department also carries out numerous short-term training programmes for people working in the field of disability recovery in the fields of skills development and vocational training. DAIL is a department of adult for Independ living form known as department of vocational training.

SHORT TERM TRAINING PROGRAMME (STP):

STP specifically built for trained and rehabilitative professionals caring with people with mental retardation as in-service training. This institute offers a plenty short-term-courses for mentally disability people listed below

1. Use of computer training in Vocational Rehabilitation of PwMR

2. Record maintenance and documentation system in vocational rehabilitation of PwMR

3. application of Science and Technology in Vocational Training and Employment

4. Masters trainers program on sibling training

5. STP on Vocational Rehabilitation Avenues and Establishing VTCs

6. STP on Vocational Training and Employment

7. Master Trainers Programme on "Parent Training”

8. STP on Vocational Training and Employment

9. STP on Vocational Rehabilitation

This department also undertake the special meets of MR people and their parents for rehabilitate in several ways.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT:

One of the important NIEPID priorities is research and development. Research evidence on mental delays in the psycho-physiological and socio-demographic characteristics of Indian history still needs strong attention. The basic and applied research mechanisms both provide sufficient space to improve clinical care for people with mentally disabilities³.

An overview of the research and development programmes at NIMH over the last 35 years shows that research and development has concentrated primarily on applied research. In view of the necessity for research on the field, proposals are presented and accepted before the start of the project by appointed committees such as the Institute's Academic Board and Ethics Committee. The recommendations are debated initially at departmental and faculty level before being submitted to the Academic Council. In addition, the NIMH Ethics Committee shall approve all R&D projects. In addition to the projects supported by the Institute 71 Research projects, such as the US-India Rupee Fund, UNICEF, UNDP, ICSSR and S&T Mission Mode have been completed in collaboration with various national and international agencies⁴. Total research work upto 2019 listed below as,

Table 1: Outcome Research work(upto 2019)

S. No	Outcome	Number
1	Book Published	48
2	Pamphlets, Booklets	24
3	Posters	16
4	Software CDs	12
5	Screening Tools	11
6	Radio Spot	11
7	Service Models	5
8	Video Films	3

Secondary Source data were obtained from NIEPID website.

This research works have conducted for various activities such as creating awareness level was 3, research work for Early Intervention was 8, for Psychological work was 9, special education was 9, Therapeutics was13, Vocational and Independent Living was 9, Community based Rehabilitation (8), Information and communication technology (3), management (3). The research work activity was done for this mentally retardation, their pairents and the clinical experts. The various activities implemented for this people such as,

1. Development of Indian Test Intelligence

2. Comprehensive assessment tool for adults with ID

3. Preparation for digital teaching learning material for adult with ID

4. Development of animated films for creating awareness about Intellectual and development disabilities.

5. Promoting self-determination for independent living and so on.

GENERAL SERVICES:

The Institute offers evaluation and assessment services across case history, physical and medical review, Intellectual and Development evaluation, special educational evaluation, therapeutic requirements evaluation, occupational evaluation and fundamental biochemical screening, and review. A systematic evaluation is accompanied by the development of management and intervention plans. Parental guidance is given to help emotions by describing the essence and the functioning of the infant. Parent management and recovery is provided with a home-based preparation and demonstration programme. They are providing various services is given below

1. Medical and psychiatry

2. Occupational therapy, homeopathy for adult and pediatrics

3. Physiotherapy

4. Biochemistry

5. Speech Therapy

6. Electroencephalogram(EEG)

7. Multiple disability

8. Nutrition

9. Hydrotherapy

10. Special education

11. Computer aided instruction

12. Parent counselling

13. Behaviour Modification

14. Early Intervention services

15. Skill training and so on

Monitoring programmes are intended to increase home-based training by implementing home-building management plans. Family cottage services are available for people coming from the outstation. Where applicable, consumers will be referred to search local establishments for services, while the NIEPID daily service continues.

DEPARTMENT OF REHABILITATION: PSYCHOLOGY:

This department engaged in the development of human capital, research and development, facilities and enhancement and outreach initiatives. Department programmes include developmental evaluation, intellectual evaluation, behaviour analysis, parent-family advice, behaviour modifications and cognitive preparation. As part of the HRD programme, the department performs a recovery-psychology programme with detailed theoretical knowledge and supervised clinical practise in the rehabilitation sector at the University of Osmania in order to develop the requisite professional skills for a self-employed practise. A variety of short-term training and credential courses for psychological evaluation are also offered in the Department, which enable the clinicians to stay up to date with the most current disability rehabilitation development process.

DEPARTMENT OF SPECIAL EDUCATION:

Department of Special Education (DSE) engages in programmes, HRD, research and development, Documents and dissemination in conjunction with the goals of the Institute. Departmental initiatives performed by workers often include extension and outreach projects. Clients participating in the NIEPID are structured with educational and training programmes. Parental participation is regarded as a basis for PwID's education and training. This describes the situation, current functioning level of the child and the methods to carry out the programme as domestic operation after evaluating the clients. The education report is prepared and sent to the parents at the request of the parents. Already he course details are listed in the Long and short term courses mentioned in above.

DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL SCIENCE:

Services for the treatment of clients vary from physical examinations, diagnostic evaluations, therapy specifications assessments, and basic biochemical evaluations and examinations, are offered through the Department of Medical Science. Following an in-depth review, management plan and intervention packages are created. Parent therapy is performed by emotional intervention, which describes the essence and the functioning of the person. For parents management and rehabilitation, a home-based training programme and presentation are offered. The Department also runs a number of short-term programmes, including group parent training programes, for practitioners working with medical and early intervention services with people with intellectual disabilities. The Department also undertakes medical and clinical research programmes. The medical, bio chemical, nursing, physiotherapy, speech therapy, Early intervention services, EEG test, neurological services, orthopaedic services, Pharmacy services, homeopathy services and some are listed below as

1. Medical Assessment, Investigations, diagnosis and treatment.

2. Analysis and reporting of electro-encephalogram

3. Evaluation of the new clients as well as follow-up clients registered with NIEPID

4. Offering medical treatment to the required clients registered at NIEPID

5. Carrying out biochemical investigations of the samples (blood and urine etc)

6. Biochemical analysis of the reports and so on

7. Medical Assessment, Investigations, diagnosis and Prescribed medical treatment.

8. New Clients and Follow-up clients visiting to NIEPID who come under Below Poverty Line Category are given free medicine from Pharmacy.

9. Dental assessment is done for children with Intellectual Disabilities to solve Dental Related problems.

DEPARTMENT OF ADULT INDEPENDENT LIVING:

NIEPID has a unique department for the production of technical training models appropriate for the adult independent living (DAIL) previously known as the DVT (Department of Vocational Training). Conditions of Indian citizens. The department started operation in 1991. The early stages of departmental programmes focused on exploring the population of people with intellectual disabilities of vocational training.

In 1986, the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment founded NIEPID Model Special Education Centre, Secunderabad, in 1964, undertook administrative control of the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. The school aims to help people with intellectual disabilities achieve their full potential.

CONCLUSION:

The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment 's Government has introduced different schemes for the ID people, which provide equitable schooling, training, workplace and social, cultural and political life. This nodal segment also launched a variety of services to make people with mental disabilities very easier. Only a few people are using this system. Therefore, the government needs to raise knowledge of plans, activities, and functions such that these people pay much greater attention through media such as newspapers, journals, camps, employment displays and so on. Every ministry is ready to promote this form of individual in various activities. The main purpose of the scheme is to enable disabled people with disabilities to acquire secure, sophisticated and scientifically manufactured, new, standard aids and equipment that can promote their functional, social and psychological rehabilitation by minimising the burden of disabilities and improving their economic condition.

REFERENCES:

1. Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad A. Baig, Munir A. Bhinder, Muhammad Y. Zahoor. Factors Causing Mental Retardation, Asian Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences. 2016; 5(3).

2. Mubashir Gull. Mental Retardation: Early Identification and Prevention. The International Journal of Indian Psychology. 2015; 2 (3).

3. S. Rajamohan and E. Saranya Devi. An Appraisal of NHFDC’s schemes for differently abled people in India. Zenith International Journal of Business Economics and Management Research. 2019; 9 (10): 1-10.

4. http://niepid.nic.in/ar.php

Received on 17.11.2021 Modified on 27.12.2021

Asian Journal of Management. 2022;13(1):51-55.

DOI: 10.52711/2321-5763.2022.00010